diff --git a/app/composables/useImageUpload.ts b/app/composables/useImageUpload.ts
index caf43ab..8848049 100644
--- a/app/composables/useImageUpload.ts
+++ b/app/composables/useImageUpload.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type {
 import { isUnauthorizedError } from './useAuth'
 import { prepareFilesForUpload } from './useClipboardImage'
 import { normalizeUploadTagNames } from './useUploadPreferences'
+import { uploadFormDataWithProgress } from '~/utils/upload-progress'
 
 const MAX_FILES = 10
 
@@ -66,10 +67,10 @@ export function useImageUpload() {
         return
       }
 
-      progressItems.value = prepared.map((file, index) => ({
+      progressItems.value = prepared.map(file => ({
         name: file.name,
         status: 'uploading',
-        progress: Math.round(((index + 1) / prepared.length) * 50)
+        progress: 0
       }))
 
       const formData = new FormData()
@@ -82,10 +83,16 @@ export function useImageUpload() {
         formData.append('tagNames', tagNames)
       }
 
-      const response = await $fetch<UploadResponse>('/api/images/upload', {
-        method: 'POST',
-        body: formData
-      })
+      const response = await uploadFormDataWithProgress<UploadResponse>(
+        '/api/images/upload',
+        formData,
+        (percent) => {
+          progressItems.value = progressItems.value.map(item => ({
+            ...item,
+            progress: Math.min(99, percent)
+          }))
+        }
+      )
 
       lastUploadResult.value = response
 
diff --git a/app/composables/useMediaUpload.ts b/app/composables/useMediaUpload.ts
index 03bc5ed..450b9ac 100644
--- a/app/composables/useMediaUpload.ts
+++ b/app/composables/useMediaUpload.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { FileItem, FileListResponse, FileUploadResponse } from '~/types/fil
 import type { CopyFormat, UploadMediaKind } from './useUploadPreferences'
 import { isUnauthorizedError } from './useAuth'
 import { normalizeUploadTagNames } from './useUploadPreferences'
+import { uploadFormDataWithProgress } from '~/utils/upload-progress'
 
 const MAX_FILES = 10
 
@@ -255,13 +256,19 @@ export function useMediaUpload(kind: UploadMediaKind) {
       progressItems.value = progressItems.value.map(item => ({
         ...item,
         status: 'uploading',
-        progress: 50
+        progress: 0
       }))
 
-      const response = await $fetch<FileUploadResponse>(endpoint, {
-        method: 'POST',
-        body: formData
-      })
+      const response = await uploadFormDataWithProgress<FileUploadResponse>(
+        endpoint,
+        formData,
+        (percent) => {
+          progressItems.value = progressItems.value.map(item => ({
+            ...item,
+            progress: Math.min(99, percent)
+          }))
+        }
+      )
 
       lastResult.value = response
       accessMode.value = response.accessMode
diff --git a/app/utils/upload-progress.test.ts b/app/utils/upload-progress.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbd71c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/utils/upload-progress.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { uploadFormDataWithProgress } from './upload-progress'
+
+class FakeXhr {
+  static current: FakeXhr
+
+  upload = {
+    onprogress: null as ((event: ProgressEvent) => void) | null
+  }
+
+  status = 200
+  statusText = 'OK'
+  responseText = '{"ok":true}'
+  withCredentials = false
+  onload: (() => void) | null = null
+  onerror: (() => void) | null = null
+
+  constructor() {
+    FakeXhr.current = this
+  }
+
+  open() {}
+
+  send() {}
+}
+
+describe('uploadFormDataWithProgress', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+
+  it('reports the uploaded byte percentage', async () => {
+    vi.stubGlobal('XMLHttpRequest', FakeXhr)
+    const onProgress = vi.fn()
+    const result = uploadFormDataWithProgress<{ ok: boolean }>(
+      '/upload',
+      new FormData(),
+      onProgress
+    )
+
+    FakeXhr.current.upload.onprogress!({
+      lengthComputable: true,
+      loaded: 40,
+      total: 100
+    } as ProgressEvent)
+    FakeXhr.current.onload!()
+
+    await expect(result).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true })
+    expect(onProgress).toHaveBeenCalledWith(40)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps the HTTP status and server error message', async () => {
+    vi.stubGlobal('XMLHttpRequest', FakeXhr)
+    const result = uploadFormDataWithProgress(
+      '/upload',
+      new FormData(),
+      () => {}
+    )
+
+    FakeXhr.current.status = 401
+    FakeXhr.current.statusText = 'Unauthorized'
+    FakeXhr.current.responseText = JSON.stringify({
+      data: { error: { message: '未登录' } }
+    })
+    FakeXhr.current.onload!()
+
+    await expect(result).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      statusCode: 401,
+      message: '未登录'
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/app/utils/upload-progress.ts b/app/utils/upload-progress.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebee8d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/utils/upload-progress.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+interface UploadError extends Error {
+  statusCode: number
+  statusMessage: string
+  data: unknown
+}
+
+function uploadErrorMessage(data: unknown, fallback: string): string {
+  if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') return fallback
+
+  const body = data as {
+    message?: unknown
+    error?: { message?: unknown }
+    data?: { error?: { message?: unknown } }
+  }
+  const message = body.data?.error?.message ?? body.error?.message ?? body.message
+  return typeof message === 'string' ? message : fallback
+}
+
+export function uploadFormDataWithProgress<T>(
+  url: string,
+  formData: FormData,
+  onProgress: (percent: number) => void
+): Promise<T> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
+    xhr.open('POST', url)
+    xhr.withCredentials = true
+
+    xhr.upload.onprogress = (event) => {
+      if (event.lengthComputable && event.total > 0) {
+        onProgress(Math.round((event.loaded / event.total) * 100))
+      }
+    }
+
+    xhr.onload = () => {
+      let data: unknown = null
+      try {
+        data = xhr.responseText ? JSON.parse(xhr.responseText) : null
+      } catch {
+        // 非 JSON 响应交给状态码和状态文本报错
+      }
+
+      if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
+        resolve(data as T)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const error = new Error(
+        uploadErrorMessage(data, xhr.statusText || 'Upload failed')
+      ) as UploadError
+      error.statusCode = xhr.status
+      error.statusMessage = xhr.statusText
+      error.data = data
+      reject(error)
+    }
+
+    xhr.onerror = () => reject(new Error('Network error'))
+    xhr.send(formData)
+  })
+}
diff --git a/server/api/files/upload.post.ts b/server/api/files/upload.post.ts
index bbc398f..8fd5aed 100644
--- a/server/api/files/upload.post.ts
+++ b/server/api/files/upload.post.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { readMultipartFormData } from 'h3'
+import { readFormData } from 'h3'
 import type { FileItem, FileUploadResponse } from '~/types/file'
 import type { UploadErrorItem } from '~/types/image'
 import {
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ import { createApiError } from '../../utils/api-error'
 import { checkUploadRateLimit } from '../../utils/rate-limit'
 import { processSingleFileUpload } from '../../utils/file-bed'
 import { getFileBedAccessMode } from '../../utils/env'
-import { readMultipartFormFieldValues } from '../../utils/multipart-form'
+import {
+  readFormDataFieldValues,
+  readFormDataFiles
+} from '../../utils/multipart-form'
 import {
   parseTagNamesParam,
   resolveUploadTagIds
@@ -20,20 +23,18 @@ import {
 export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   await requireUploadAuth(event)
 
-  const formData = await readMultipartFormData(event)
-  if (!formData?.length) {
+  const formData = await readFormData(event)
+  if (!formData) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
   }
 
-  const tokenField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'token')
-  const formToken = tokenField?.data?.length
-    ? new TextDecoder().decode(tokenField.data).trim()
-    : ''
+  const tokenField = formData.get('token')
+  const formToken = typeof tokenField === 'string' ? tokenField.trim() : ''
   checkUploadRateLimit(event, formToken)
 
   const source = verifyApiUploadToken(event) ? 'api' : 'web'
   const uploadUserId = await getUploadUserId(event, formToken)
-  const tagNamesRaw = readMultipartFormFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
+  const tagNamesRaw = readFormDataFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
   const uploadTagNames = parseTagNamesParam(
     tagNamesRaw.length === 1 ? tagNamesRaw[0] : tagNamesRaw
   )
@@ -43,8 +44,9 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   }
   const uploadTagIds = resolvedTags.tagIds
 
-  const fileParts = formData.filter(
-    part => (part.name === 'file' || part.name === 'files') && part.data?.length
+  const fileParts = readFormDataFiles(
+    formData,
+    ['file', 'files']
   )
   if (!fileParts.length) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
@@ -64,8 +66,8 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
 
   for (const part of fileParts) {
     const result = await processSingleFileUpload(event, {
-      bytes: new Uint8Array(part.data),
-      filename: part.filename,
+      bytes: new Uint8Array(await part.arrayBuffer()),
+      filename: part.name,
       contentType: part.type,
       source,
       userId: uploadUserId,
diff --git a/server/api/images/upload.post.ts b/server/api/images/upload.post.ts
index da79a5c..baefba7 100644
--- a/server/api/images/upload.post.ts
+++ b/server/api/images/upload.post.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { readMultipartFormData } from 'h3'
+import { readFormData } from 'h3'
 import type { UploadResponse, UploadErrorItem, ImageItem } from '~/types/image'
 import { requireUploadAuth, verifyApiUploadToken, getUploadUserId } from '../../utils/access'
 import { MAX_FILES_PER_UPLOAD } from '../../utils/constants'
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ import {
 } from '../../utils/process-image-upload'
 import { createApiError } from '../../utils/api-error'
 import { checkUploadRateLimit } from '../../utils/rate-limit'
-import { readMultipartFormFieldValues } from '../../utils/multipart-form'
+import {
+  readFormDataFieldValues,
+  readFormDataFiles
+} from '../../utils/multipart-form'
 import {
   parseTagNamesParam,
   resolveUploadTagIds
@@ -21,21 +24,19 @@ import {
 export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   await requireUploadAuth(event)
 
-  const formData = await readMultipartFormData(event)
-  if (!formData?.length) {
+  const formData = await readFormData(event)
+  if (!formData) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
   }
 
-  const tokenField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'token')
-  const formToken = tokenField?.data?.length
-    ? new TextDecoder().decode(tokenField.data).trim()
-    : ''
+  const tokenField = formData.get('token')
+  const formToken = typeof tokenField === 'string' ? tokenField.trim() : ''
   checkUploadRateLimit(event, formToken)
 
   const source = verifyApiUploadToken(event) ? 'api' : 'web'
   const uploadUserId = await getUploadUserId(event, formToken)
 
-  const tagNamesRaw = readMultipartFormFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
+  const tagNamesRaw = readFormDataFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
   const uploadTagNames = parseTagNamesParam(tagNamesRaw.length === 1 ? tagNamesRaw[0] : tagNamesRaw)
   const resolvedTags = resolveUploadTagIds(uploadUserId, uploadTagNames)
   if ('message' in resolvedTags) {
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   const uploadTagIds = resolvedTags.tagIds
 
   // 兼容 image / file / files 字段名（图床脚本 / 通用客户端 / 网页多图）
-  const fileParts = formData.filter(
-    part => (part.name === 'image' || part.name === 'file' || part.name === 'files')
-      && part.data?.length
+  const fileParts = readFormDataFiles(
+    formData,
+    ['image', 'file', 'files']
   )
   if (!fileParts.length) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
@@ -65,8 +66,8 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   const errors: UploadErrorItem[] = []
 
   for (const part of fileParts) {
-    const originalName = part.filename ?? 'image'
-    const bytes = new Uint8Array(part.data)
+    const originalName = part.name || 'image'
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(await part.arrayBuffer())
     const declaredMime = part.type?.toLowerCase() ?? ''
     const detectedMime = detectMimeFromSignature(bytes)
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
 
     const result = await processSingleImageUpload(event, {
       bytes,
-      filename: part.filename,
+      filename: part.name,
       source,
       userId: uploadUserId,
       tagIds: uploadTagIds
diff --git a/server/api/videos/upload.post.ts b/server/api/videos/upload.post.ts
index b26f826..4097fd6 100644
--- a/server/api/videos/upload.post.ts
+++ b/server/api/videos/upload.post.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { readMultipartFormData } from 'h3'
+import { readFormData } from 'h3'
 import type { FileItem, FileUploadResponse } from '~/types/file'
 import type { UploadErrorItem } from '~/types/image'
 import {
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ import {
   parseTranscodePreset
 } from '../../utils/transcode'
 import { getFileBedAccessMode } from '../../utils/env'
-import { readMultipartFormFieldValues } from '../../utils/multipart-form'
+import {
+  readFormDataFieldValues,
+  readFormDataFiles
+} from '../../utils/multipart-form'
 import {
   parseTagNamesParam,
   resolveUploadTagIds
@@ -26,20 +29,18 @@ import {
 export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   await requireUploadAuth(event)
 
-  const formData = await readMultipartFormData(event)
-  if (!formData?.length) {
+  const formData = await readFormData(event)
+  if (!formData) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
   }
 
-  const tokenField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'token')
-  const formToken = tokenField?.data?.length
-    ? new TextDecoder().decode(tokenField.data).trim()
-    : ''
+  const tokenField = formData.get('token')
+  const formToken = typeof tokenField === 'string' ? tokenField.trim() : ''
   checkUploadRateLimit(event, formToken)
 
   const source = verifyApiUploadToken(event) ? 'api' : 'web'
   const uploadUserId = await getUploadUserId(event, formToken)
-  const tagNamesRaw = readMultipartFormFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
+  const tagNamesRaw = readFormDataFieldValues(formData, 'tagNames')
   const uploadTagNames = parseTagNamesParam(
     tagNamesRaw.length === 1 ? tagNamesRaw[0] : tagNamesRaw
   )
@@ -49,26 +50,19 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   }
   const uploadTagIds = resolvedTags.tagIds
 
-  const transcodeField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'transcode')
-  const wantTranscode = transcodeField?.data?.length
-    ? ['1', 'true', 'yes'].includes(
-        new TextDecoder().decode(transcodeField.data).trim().toLowerCase()
-      )
-    : false
+  const transcodeField = formData.get('transcode')
+  const wantTranscode = typeof transcodeField === 'string'
+    && ['1', 'true', 'yes'].includes(transcodeField.trim().toLowerCase())
 
-  const presetField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'transcodePreset')
-  const presetRaw = presetField?.data?.length
-    ? new TextDecoder().decode(presetField.data).trim()
-    : ''
+  const presetField = formData.get('transcodePreset')
+  const presetRaw = typeof presetField === 'string' ? presetField.trim() : ''
   const transcodePreset = presetRaw ? parseTranscodePreset(presetRaw) : undefined
   if (presetRaw && !transcodePreset) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '无效的转码质量档位', 400)
   }
 
-  const bitrateField = formData.find(part => part.name === 'transcodeBitratePercent')
-  const bitrateRaw = bitrateField?.data?.length
-    ? new TextDecoder().decode(bitrateField.data).trim()
-    : ''
+  const bitrateField = formData.get('transcodeBitratePercent')
+  const bitrateRaw = typeof bitrateField === 'string' ? bitrateField.trim() : ''
   const transcodeBitratePercent = bitrateRaw ? Number(bitrateRaw) : undefined
   if (
     bitrateRaw
@@ -86,9 +80,9 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
     )
   }
 
-  const fileParts = formData.filter(
-    part => (part.name === 'file' || part.name === 'files' || part.name === 'video')
-      && part.data?.length
+  const fileParts = readFormDataFiles(
+    formData,
+    ['file', 'files', 'video']
   )
   if (!fileParts.length) {
     createApiError(event, 'INVALID_REQUEST', '未收到上传文件', 400)
@@ -108,8 +102,8 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
 
   for (const part of fileParts) {
     const result = await processSingleVideoUpload(event, {
-      bytes: new Uint8Array(part.data),
-      filename: part.filename,
+      bytes: new Uint8Array(await part.arrayBuffer()),
+      filename: part.name,
       contentType: part.type,
       source,
       userId: uploadUserId,
diff --git a/server/utils/multipart-form.ts b/server/utils/multipart-form.ts
index 79a5757..737b35e 100644
--- a/server/utils/multipart-form.ts
+++ b/server/utils/multipart-form.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
 import type { MultiPartData } from 'h3'
 
+function parseFieldValues(rawValues: string[]): string[] {
+  const values = rawValues.map(value => value.trim()).filter(Boolean)
+  if (values.length !== 1) return values
+
+  const raw = values[0]!
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as unknown
+    if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+      return parsed.map(item => String(item).trim()).filter(Boolean)
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // fall through to comma-separated parsing
+  }
+  return raw.split(',').map(item => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)
+}
+
 export function readMultipartFormFieldValues(
   formData: MultiPartData[],
   fieldName: string
 ): string[] {
   const field = formData.find(part => part.name === fieldName)
   if (field?.data?.length) {
-    const raw = new TextDecoder().decode(field.data).trim()
-    if (!raw) return []
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as unknown
-      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-        return parsed.map(item => String(item).trim()).filter(Boolean)
-      }
-    } catch {
-      // fall through to comma-separated parsing
-    }
-    return raw.split(',').map(item => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)
+    return parseFieldValues([new TextDecoder().decode(field.data)])
   }
 
   const repeatFields = formData.filter(
@@ -24,7 +30,25 @@ export function readMultipartFormFieldValues(
   )
   if (!repeatFields.length) return []
 
-  return repeatFields
-    .map(part => new TextDecoder().decode(part.data!).trim())
-    .filter(Boolean)
+  return parseFieldValues(
+    repeatFields.map(part => new TextDecoder().decode(part.data!))
+  )
+}
+
+export function readFormDataFieldValues(
+  formData: FormData,
+  fieldName: string
+): string[] {
+  return parseFieldValues(
+    formData.getAll(fieldName).filter((value): value is string => typeof value === 'string')
+  )
+}
+
+export function readFormDataFiles(
+  formData: FormData,
+  fieldNames: string[]
+): File[] {
+  return fieldNames
+    .flatMap(name => formData.getAll(name))
+    .filter((value): value is File => value instanceof File && value.size > 0)
 }
diff --git a/vitest.config.ts b/vitest.config.ts
index 2289f92..15316f7 100644
--- a/vitest.config.ts
+++ b/vitest.config.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config'
 export default defineConfig({
   test: {
     environment: 'node',
-    include: ['server/**/*.test.ts'],
+    include: ['server/**/*.test.ts', 'app/utils/**/*.test.ts'],
     pool: 'forks',
     setupFiles: ['./server/test/setup.ts']
   }